> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://datacamp.imansour.net/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://datacamp.imansour.net/untitled.md).

# Untitled

## **Python Programming**

\*\*\*\*

### Complete the code to return the output

```
d = {
    'one': 1,
    'two': 2,
    'three': 3,
    'four': 4
}

d[]
d['two']
```

Add 'Patchwork' to the end of the `boardgames` list.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
boardgames = [
  'Rivals for Catan',
  '7 Wonders Duel',
  'Carcassonne',
  'Hive',
]

('Patchwork')

print(boardgames)
```

### Expected Output

```
['Rivals for Catan', '7 Wonders Duel', 'Carcassonne', 'Hive', 'Patchwork']
```

6s

Define a function named `hours_to_seconds` that converts hours to seconds.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
def hours_to_seconds(hours ):
    return hours * 60 * 60

hours_to_seconds(8)
```

### Expected Output

```
28800
```

#### Fill in the blanks

Change the rating of the book to `4.6`

### Complete the code to return the output

```
book = {
    'title': 'The Giver',
    'author': 'Lois Lowry',
    'rating': 4.13
}

book['rating'] = 4.6

book['rating']
```

### Expected Output

```
4.6
```

What would be the output of the code snippet?

```
ints = set([1,1,2,3,3,3,4])
print(len(ints))
```

* 7
* 6
* **4**
* 1

Access the docstrings of the `factorial()` function.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
def factorial(n):
    """returns n!"""
    return 1 if n < 2 else n * factorial(n-1)

factorial.__doc__
```

### Expected Output

```
'returns n!'
```

Count the number of banks in the `online_banks` tuple.

### Select the code to return the output

```
online_banks = ('consensus systems', 
               'chain inc', 
               'abra', 
               'bitfury')

number_of_items = len(online_banks)

print(number_of_items)
```

* `online_banks.count()`
* `online_banks.len()`
* **`len(online_banks)`**
* `max(online_banks)`

### Expected Output

```
4
```

Appropriately call the function below.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
x = lambda : "I know how to call this function."

x()
```

### Expected Output

```
'I know how to call this function.'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class AstroBody:
    description = 'Natural entity in the observable universe.'    

class Star(AstroBody):
    pass

sun = Star()

sun.description
```

### Expected Output

```
'Natural entity in the observable universe.'
```

Complete the type hints in the function below.

### Select the code to return the output

```
def add_two(x: int)-> int:
  return x + 2

add_two(1)
```

* `::`
* `<>`
* **`:`**
* `->`
* `=>`

### Expected Output

```
3
```

Your answer has been submittedNext Question

### Complete the code to return the output

```
dict_gen = { num: num*10  for num in range(5) }

dict_gen
```

### Expected Output

```
{0: 0, 1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30, 4: 40}
```

Define a function that squares a single input argument. Complete the docstring for the function.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
def square(x):
    """Returns the square of the argument x"""
    return x*x

square.__doc__
```

### Expected Output

```
'Returns the square of the argument x'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Candy:
    flavor = 'sweet'
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        
c = Candy('Chocolate')

c.name
```

### Expected Output

```
'Chocolate'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Planet:
    def __init__(self, name, diameter_km):
        self.name = name
        self.diameter_km = diameter_km
        
e = Planet('Earth', 12742)

e.name, e.diameter_km
```

### Expected Output

```
('Earth', 12742)
```

Declare an empty class named `BankAccount`

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class BankAccount:
    
    pass
  
account = BankAccount()
print(type(account))
```

### Expected Output

```
<class '__main__.BankAccount'>
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Person:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

m = Person('Michael')

m.name
```

### Expected Output

```
'Michael'
```

Get the value of the "three" key using a dictionary method.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
d = {
    'one': 1,
    'two': 2,
    'three': 3,
    'four': 4
}

d.get('three')
```

### Expected Output

```
3
```

Add 'Gloomhaven' to the `boardgames` list in the first position

### Complete the code to return the output

```
boardgames = [
  'Pandemic Legacy: Season 1', 
  'Terraforming Mars', 
  'Brass: Birmingham'
]

boardgames.insert(0, 'Gloomhaven')

print(boardgames)
```

### Expected Output

```
['Gloomhaven', 'Pandemic Legacy: Season 1', 'Terraforming Mars', 'Brass: Birmingham']
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
x = (1, 2, 3)
s = set(x)

s
```

### Expected Output

```
{1, 2, 3}
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
w = 'python'

w_iterator = iter(w)

next(w_iterator)
```

### Expected Output

```
'p'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
letters = ['a', 'b', 'c']
for  in enumerate(letters):
for ii, x in enumerate(letters):
    print(ii, ": ", x)
```

### Expected Output

```
0 :  a
1 :  b
2 :  c
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
with open('hello.txt', 'w') as file:
  file.write("hello!")

print(file.closed)
```

### Expected Output

```
True
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Building:

    def __init__(self, number):
        self.number = number

b = Building(245)

b.number
```

### Expected Output

```
245
```

Call the function defined below (with the appropriate input argument) to produce the desired output.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
def return_random(value):
    return value


return_random('two')
```

### Expected Output

```
'two'
```

Add a key-value pair to the `d` Python dictionary such that it matches the output.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
d = {
    'apple': 1,
    'banana': 2,
    'coconut': 3
}

d['durian'] = 4


d
```

### Expected Output

```
{'apple': 1, 'banana': 2, 'coconut': 3, 'durian': 4}
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Dog:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    
    def bark(self):
        return "bark bark bark bark bark bark..."

d = Dog()
d.bark()
```

### Expected Output

```
'bark bark bark bark bark bark...'
```

Define a function named `hours_to_seconds` that converts hours to seconds.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
def hours_to_seconds(hours):
    return hours * 60 * 60

hours_to_seconds(8)
```

### Expected Output

```
28800
```

Complete the statement using a list comprehension with appropriate logic and operations such that it matches the output.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
[i * 3 for i in range(5)]
```

### Expected Output

```
[0, 3, 6, 9, 12]
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
packages = ["numpy", "pandas", "scipy"]

for i in packages:
    print(i)
```

### Expected Output

```
numpy
pandas
scipy
```

Add the following item to the `book` dictionary:

* format: paperback

### Complete the code to return the output

```
book = {
    'title': 'The Giver',
    'author': 'Lois Lowry',
    'rating': 4.13
}

book['format'] = 'paperback'

book['format']
```

### Expected Output

```
'paperback'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Dog:    
    def woof(self):
        return 'woof!'

t = Dog()
t.woof()
```

### Expected Output

```
'woof!'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Building:
    
    def __init__(self, number):
        self.number = number

b = Building(245)

b.number
```

### Expected Output

```
245
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
with open('hello.txt', 'w') as file:
  file.write("hello!")

print(file.closed)
```

### Expected Output

```
True
```

Two functions have been defined for you. Use the `square_args()` function to square the arguments passed to `multiply()`.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
def square_args(func):
  def inner(a, b):
    return func(a ** 2, b ** 2)
  return inner

square_args
def multiply(a, b):
  return a * b
  
multiply(3, 9)
```

### Expected Output

```
729
```

Decorate the `adder()` and `subtractor` functions so that the result of the `adder` function is multiplied by `2` and the result of the `subtract` function is multiplied by `3`.

### Complete the code to return the output

```
def multiply(by = None):
	def multiply_real_decorator(function):
		def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
			return by * function(*args,**kwargs)
		return wrapper
	return multiply_real_decorator


def adder(a,b):
  return a + b


def subtractor(a,b):
  return a - b

print(adder(2,3))
print(subtractor(2,3))
```

### Expected Output

```
10
-3
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
a = {1, 2, 3, 4}
b = {3, 4, 5, 6}

a.intersection(b)
```

### Expected Output

```
{3, 4}
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Cat:   
    
        return 'meow!'

s = Cat()

s.meow()
```

### Expected Output

```
'meow!'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
class Cat:   
    
    def meow(self):
        return 'meow!'

s = Cat()

s.meow()
```

### Expected Output

```
'meow!'
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
f = : x * y
f = lambda x, y: x * y

f(3,3)
```

### Expected Output

```
9
```

The function `sample` has been written using a `for` loop, as shown below. Using a list comprehension, create a more efficient version of this function.

```
def sample(n):
    x = []
    for i in range(n):
        x.append(random.random())
    return x
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
import random
random.seed(2427)

def efficient_sample(n):
  x = [random.random()  for n]
  x = [random.random() for i in range(n)]
  return x

efficient_sample(20)
```

### Expected Output

```
[0.6709313964859867,
 0.9738115340563225,
 0.6064264401595373,
 0.4066259803173813,
 0.241007454546324,
 0.9570332484250537,
 0.2349020347673353,
 0.8876755137054037,
 0.9720131163571095,
 0.1492980772443857,
 0.9414046155591562,
 0.5597323750561738,
 0.7608989127589141,
 0.5249642801198838,
 0.1344891272249087,
 0.9796560039964438,
 0.06863221669260322,
 0.8766064411366202,
 0.5504489926930571,
 0.4880661379761838]
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
s = "a"

s.center(3)
```

### Expected Output

```
' a '
```

```
s = "a"
```

### Complete the code to return the output

```
lst = ['numpy', 'pandas', 'requests']

lst_gen = (pkg for pkg in lst)

(lst_gen)
next(lst_gen)
```

### Expected Output

```
'numpy'
```